ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT, TYPE 2 DIABETES

When you have this disease, your body does a poor job turning the carbohydrates in food into energy. This causes sugar to build up in your blood. Over time it raises your risk for heart disease, blindness, nerve and organ damage, and other serious conditions. It strikes people of all ages, and early symptoms are mild. About 1 out of 3 people with type 2 diabetes don’t know they have it.

People with type 2 diabetes often have no symptoms. When they do appear, one of the first may be being thirsty a lot. Others include dry mouth, bigger appetite, peeing a lot — sometimes as often as every hour — and unusual weight loss or gain.

As your blood sugar levels get higher, you may have other problems like headaches, blurred vision, and fatigue.

In many cases, type 2 diabetes isn’t discovered until it takes a serious toll on your health. Some red flags include:

Cuts or sores that are slow to heal

Frequent yeast infections or urinary tract infections

Itchy skin, especially in the groin area

Diabetes can damage blood vessels and nerves in your genitals. This could lead to a loss of feeling and make it hard to have an orgasm. Women are also prone to vaginal dryness. About 1 in 3 who have diabetes will have some form of sexual trouble. Between 35% and 70% of men who have the disease will have at least some degree of impotence in their lifetime.

Some health habits and medical conditions related to your lifestyle can raise your odds of having type 2 diabetes, including:

Being overweight, especially at the waist

A couch potato lifestyle

Smoking

Eating a lot of red meat, processed meat, high-fat dairy products, and sweets

Unhealthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels

Other risk factors are out of your control, including:

Race or ethnicity

A family history of diabetes: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes boosts your odds.

Age: Being 45 and older raises your risk of type 2 diabetes.

The more risk factors you have, the more likely you’ll get type 2 diabetes.

For women, You’re more likely to get type 2 diabetes later on if you:

Had gestational diabetes when you were pregnant

Delivered a baby that weighed over 9 pounds

Had polycystic ovary syndrome

In a healthy person, insulin helps turn food into energy. Your stomach breaks down carbohydrates into sugars. They enter the bloodstream, promoting your pancreas to release the hormone insulin in just the right amount. It helps your cells use the sugar for fuel.

In type 2 diabetes, your cells can’t use sugar properly. That means there’s a lot of it in your blood. If you have a condition called insulin resistance, your body makes the hormone, but your cells don’t use it or respond to it like they should. If you’ve had type 2 diabetes for a while but haven’t treated it, your pancreas will make less insulin.

Your doctor will take some blood and do an A1c test. It shows your average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months. If you already have symptoms, he might give you a random blood glucose test, which shows what your current level is.

You can control blood sugar levels by changing your diet and losing extra weight. That will also cut your risk of complications. Carefully track the carbs in your diet. Keep amounts the same at every meal, watch how much fat and protein you eat, and cut calories. Ask your doctor to refer you to a dietitian to help you make healthy choices and an eating plan.

Regular exercise, like strength training or walking, improves your body’s use of insulin and can lower blood sugar levels. Being active also helps get rid of body fat, lower blood pressure, and protect you from heart disease. Try to get 30 minutes of moderate activity on most days of the week.

Stress can boost your blood pressure and blood sugar. Some people don’t do anything for it. Others turn to food to cope with it. Instead, practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or visualization. Talking to a friend, family member, counsellor, or a religious leader could help. If you can’t beat it, reach out to your doctor.

If diet and exercise can’t get your blood sugar under control, your doctor may add medication. There are many types of diabetes pills available. They’re often combined. Some work by telling your pancreas to make more insulin. Others help your body use it better or block the digestion of starches. Some slow insulin breakdown.

Your doctor may prescribe insulin early in your treatment and combine it with pills. It can also help people with type 2 diabetes who develop “beta-cell failure.” This means the cells in your pancreas no longer make insulin when blood sugar is high. If this happens, insulin will become part of your daily routine

New drugs called non-insulin injectable are available for people with type 2 diabetes. These medications cause your body to make insulin to control blood sugar levels.

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